Background:

Immune Response to M.tb:

Innate Immune Response:

• First line of defence

• Alveolar macrophages encounters M.tb, phagocytose bacteria, initiates inflammation with release of TNF-⍺ | IL-1

• Dendritic cells links the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system by presenting the antigens to the T Lymphocytes

• Naturally Killer Cells are cytotoxic cells that induce apoptosis of infected macrophages by secreting IFN-γ

Adaptive Immune Response:

• T lymphocytes, which is comprised of CD4⁺ & CD8⁺ cells, B lymphocytes

• CD4⁺ T cells produce IFN-γ | IL-2 | TNF-⍺ to active macrophages

• CD8⁺ T cells destroys M.tb infected cells by producing TNF-⍺

• The role of B cells are being investigated